Hyperpigmentation can appear on both the face and body and can be classified as sun spots, age spots, liver spots, Melasma, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. 

Hyperpigmentation serves as a protective reaction by the skin to shield an area of inflammation beneath it. The primary type is often linked to sun damage or age spots, which manifest anywhere on the body subjected to excessive and repeated sun exposure. These spots emerge as a consequence of persistent wounds along the junction between the dermis and epidermis layers.